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A DESCRIPTION & PLAT OF THE Sea-Coaſts of England, from London, up all the River of Thames, all along the Coaſts to Newcaſtle, and ſo to Edinburgh, all along Scotland, the Orchades, and Hitland, where the DƲTCH begin their Fiſhing.

AS ALSO: All thoſe parts over againſt us, as Norway, Denmarke, the Sound, Holland, and Zealand.

VVith the Depths and Showlds about theſe places, in what Depths men may ſee the Land.

Of the Tides and Courſes of the ſtreams about theſe foreſaid places, with the Courſes and Diſtances, and how theſe Lands doe lye one from the other, and from other Lands.

With the heights of their degrees, and minutes, in their reſpective places where they are Scituated.

Ʋnto which is added: A Liſt containing the Monethly wages of all Officers, Sea-men, and others ſerving in the States Ships at Sea: And as to the wages to common Sea-men, to their ſhares in Prizes, and relieving of ſick and wounded; which is referred to the Commiſſioners for ordering and managing the Affairs of the Admiralty and Navy, with power to ſee the particulars aforementioned put in execution, and to give ſuch Orders from time to time, as ſhall be requiſite for the effecting thereof.

Uſefull not onely for Sea-men and Marchants, but for all that deſire to know where our Fleets lye, either on the Coaſt, or the Neighbouring Lands, that any man may be as experienced in the Sea-Coaſt by this Card, as they have been by Land, by the ſix Mapps of England, wherein the Villages and ſmalleſt Places were knowne to travell unto them, and where the Land Armies did lye.

LONDON: Printed by M. S. for Tho: Jenner at the South-entrance of the Royall Exchange. 1653.

A Liſt, containing the Monthly Wages of all Officers, Sea-men, and others, ſerving in the States Ships at Sea; and as to the Wages for Common Sea-men, to their Shares in Prizes, and relieving of ſick and wounded, which is referred to the Commiſſioners for ordering and managing the Affaires of the Admiralty and Navy, with power to ſee the particulars afore-mentioned, put in execution, and to give ſuch Orders from time to time, as ſhall be requiſite for the effecting thereof.

Officers Names.	1 Rank.			2 Rank.			3 Rank.			4 Rank.			5 Rank.			6 Rank.
	l.	s.	d.	l.	s.	d.	l.	s.	d.	l.	s.	d.	l.	s.	d.	l.	s.	d.
A Captain.	21	0	0.	16	16	0.	14	0	0.	10	10	0.	8	8	0.	7	0	0.
A Lievtenant.	4	4	0.	4	4	0.	3	10	0.	3	10	0.
A Maſter.	7	0	0.	6	6	0.	4	13	8.	4	6	2.	3	17	6.	The Captain to the〈◊〉.
A Moſters Mate, or Pilot.	3	6	0.	3	0	0.	2	16	2.	2	7	10.	2	2	0.	2	2	0.
A Mid-ſhipman.	2	5	0.	2	0	0.	1	17	6.	1	13	9.	1	10	0.	1	10	0.
A Boat ſwain.	4	0	0.	3	10	0.	3	0	0.	2	10	0.	2	5	0.	2	0	0.
A Boat ſwains Mate.	1	15	0.	1	15	0.	1	12	0.	1	10	0.	1	8	0.	1	6	0.
A Quarter-Maſter.	1	15	0.	1	15	0.	1	12	0.	1	10	0.	1	8	0.	1	6	0.
A Quarter Maſters Mate.	1	10	0.	1	10	0.	1	8	0.	1	8	0.	1	6	0.	1	5	0.
A Carpenter.	4	0	0.	3	10	0.	3	0	0.	2	10	0.	2	5	0.	2	0	0.
A Carpenters Mate.	2	0	0.	2	0	0.	1	16	0.	1	14	0.	1	20	0.	1	10	0.
A Gunner.	4	0	0.	3	10	0.	3	0	0.	2	10	0.	2	5	0.	2	0	0.
A Gunners Mate.	1	15	0.	1	15	0.	1	12	0.	1	10	0.	1	8	0.	1	6	0.
A Quarter-Gunner.	1	6	0.	1	6	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.
A Chyrurgion.	2	10	0.	2	10	0.	2	10	0.	2	10	0.	2	10	0.	2	10	0.
A Chyrurgions Mate	1	10	0.	1	10	0.	1	10	0.	1	10	0.	1	10	0.	1	10	0.
A Corporal.	1	15	0.	1	12	0.	1	10	0.	1	10	0.	1	8	0.	1	5	0.
Yeomen of the Jeers, Sheats, Haliards, and Tacks.	1	12	0.	1	10	0.	1	8	0.	1	8	0.
A Purſer to be Clerk of the Cheque.	4	0	0.	3	10	0.	3	0	0.	2	10	0.	2	5	0.	2	0	0.
A Steward to take charge of the Victuals.	2	0	0.	1	16	8.	1	10	0.	1	10	0.	1	6	8.	1	5	0.
A Cook.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	4	0.
A Maſter Trumpeter.	1	10	0.	1	8	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	4	0.
Other Trumpeters.	1	4	0.	1	4	0.
A Cock ſwaine.	1	12	0.	1	10	0.	1	8	0.	1	8	0.	1	6	0.
An Armorer.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.
A Gun-Smith.	1	5	0.	1	5	0.

Yoeman of the Powder-Room. Theſe to have the pay of an able Sea-man.
A Stewards Mate. Theſe to have the pay of an able Sea-man.
A Cooks Mate. Theſe to have the pay of an able Sea-man.
A Cock ſwains Mate. Theſe to have the pay of an able Sea-man.
A Swabber. Theſe to have the pay of an able Sea-man.
A Cooper beſides three ſhillings and four pence a Moneth, Adds money. Theſe to have the pay of an able Sea-man.

ALL able Sea-men fit for the Helm and Lead, twenty four ſhillings by the Moneth; whereof one ſhilling to be paid to the Cheſt, Miniſter, and Chyrurgion.

All others, not capable of performing the duties aforeſaid, nineteen ſhillings a Moneth, Boyes and Gromets excepted.

Gromets fourteen ſhillings and three pence a Moneth, and Boyes nine ſhillings and ſix pence, whereof one ſhilling to be paid to the Cheſt, Miniſter, and Chyrurgion.

The Captain, Maſter, and Boatſwain of each Ship, doe before the payment of their reſpective Ships Companies, rate the Wages of each Ships Company, certifying the ſame againſt each mans name according to their Abilities; and to that end to ſigne the Sea-Books with the Purſer: And in caſe of the diſcharge of any from the Ship, the foreſaid perſons are to certifie upon the Ticket whereby they are diſcharged, their abilities, and rate them according to the aforeſaid diſtinctions.

The Treaſurer and Commiſſioners of the Navy have power to determine all caſes or differences that may ariſe.

Such Mariners and Sea men as ſhall voluntarily come into the States ſervice, ſhall have the ſame allowance of Conduct-money as the Preſt men have, they making it appear to the Commiſſioners of the Navy, how far they have travelled to enter themſelves into the States Service; and ſhall alſo have the benefit of the Cheſt.

As to the Shares in Prizes.

All Captains, Sea-men, and others, that doe or ſhall ſerve in any of the States owne, or Merchants Ships imployed in their ſervice, ſhall have from the State for every ſhip or Prize, Merchant-men, or men of War, laden or light, ten ſhillings for every Tun, and ſix pound thirteen ſhillings and four pence, for every piece of Ordnance, whether iron or braſſe, to be paid by the Collectors for Prize-Goods, within three dayes after the payment of the Wages (in caſe Adjudication be made of the ſhip in the Admiralty Court) to be ſhared and divided amongst them proportionably, according to the reſpective Places and Offices in the ſhip in which they ſerved. All Captains, Sea-men, and others, to take and have to themſelves as Pillage, all ſuch Goods and Merchandize as ſhall be found above the Gun-deck, for every man of War ſunk or destroyed by fire, ten pounds a Gun, upon Certificate by the Councell of War.

All common Sea-men ſhall out of the Proceed of Prizes, have one Moneths pay at the coming in, and paying off their ſeverall Ships, to be paid by the Treaſurer of the Navie.

As to ſick and wounded men.

Sick and wounded men on board, five pounds for ſix Moneths ſervice for every hundred men. Ʋpon the diſcharge of ſick and wounded men, payment of their Tickets and Conduct-money.

All Majors, Bayliffs, or other Magiſtrates in any Port-Townes, to take care for all neceſſary accomodations at the charge of the State, for the reliefe and cure of ſuch ſick and wounded men as ſhall be ſent on ſhore.

A convenient Houſe be provided in or near Dover, Deal, or Sandwich, as an Hoſpital for the Receipt and Accommodation of wounded men that ſhall be there ſent on ſhore.

All Hoſpitals in ENGLAND, imployed for the cure of wounded and ſick people, be reſerved during this War at Sea, for ſuch as ſhall be wounded in the ſervice of the Navie.

The Tenths of all Prizes, taken or to be taken, cuſtomarily due to the Lord High-Admirall, be appointed for defraying the charges of ſick and wounded men as aforeſaid, and for the reliefe of Widows, Children, and impotent Parents of ſuch as ſhall be ſlaine in the ſervice of the Common-wealth, at Sea; and for Meddals, or other Rewards to ſuch Officers and Sea-men of the Fleet, as ſhall be found to have done any eminent or extraordinary Service.

A DESCRIPTION and PLAT of the Sea-Coaſts of England, from London, all the River of Thames, all along the Coaſt to New Caſtle, and ſo to Edenburgh, all along Scotland, the Orcades, and Hitland, where the DƲTCH begin their Fiſhing.

The Firſt Demonſtration.In which The Eaſt-ſide of England, and Schotland, is ſhewed, from the River of London, to the New-Caſtle.

BY two wayes men may ſaile into the River of London: from the ſouthwards, along by the North Forland, and by the northwards along by the Naes. if you will ſaile in there from the Southwards, then you muſt firſt ſhun the North Forland, it is there ſhowld a good wayes from the ſhore, bring the north Forland alſo not more ſoutherly from you then ſouthweſt, that you do not run on againſt the North-grounds, which lye farre to ſeawards. Coming by the land, run alongſt by it, but come not ſo neere it, that you leeſe ſight of the ſpire of the ſteeple of Margat behind the land, for then you ſhould come too neere it; but if you keep ſo far from the ſhore, that you can ſee the foreſaid ſteeple above the high land, or keep it even in your ſight, then you cannot take hurt of the ſouth grounds. Coming thwart of Margat, then you are paſt the foreſaid ſhowlds or ſouth grounds. Run then boldly2 towards the ſhore, and within two cables lengths along by it, for to avoid the north grounds, which lye farre to the ſouthwards towards the land. Saile on ſo weſt all along by the ſhore, untill that the Roculvers (which are two ſteeples upon one Church) come one in the other, and then you ſhall run in ſight of the firſt boy upon the Laſts, which by e•h upon the to reſaid marks of the Roculvey a being by it you can alſo ſee the other boy which lyeth like as the firſt alſo on the north ſide, and over againſt it on the ſouth ſide ſtandeth a Beak on, there you muſt ſaile through betwixt them both, leaving the boy on the ſtarboard ſide, and the B•akon over againſt it on the larboard ſide. From thence you may with little ſhips, or ſhips of little draught, but not with ſhips of great draught, at high water run over the Swallow on weſt-north-weſt toward, Sheppy, for it is there ſhowld water, with ſhips of great draught you muſt run through the Fiſhers deep towards Black tayle. You may alſo run from Margat with ſmall ſhips along by the ſhore upon the lead at high water, even unto Sheppy, but in ſailing along there you muſt caſt your tides well, for the flood falleth very ſtrong into the Swallow, and the ebbe to the contrary very ſtrong out.

When you come by Sheppy,Sheppy. run within two cables lengths along by it, for to avoid the taile of the Spaniard, untill that you be paſt Quinsborough,The Spagmard. edge then off from the ſouth ſhore for to avoid the Noere, which is a ſand that ſhooteth off from the River a good wayes to the eaſtwards, upon the outermoſt end whereof ſtandeth alwayes a Beakon whereby you may know it,The Noete. run along to the northwards of it, leaving on the larboard ſide, and along in the middle of the channell into the ſea-reach for to avoid the grounds which lye off from the north ſhore, goe in ſo along towards Graveſend.

To ſail with ſhips of great draughts along by the north For land up into the Thames, you muſt (when you are paſt the buyes upon the Laſts) ſail through the Fiſhers deep toward Blacktaile, which lyeth from the ſecond buye upon the Laſts,Fiſhers deep. unto the firſt buye in the Fiſhers deep,3 northweſt, and northweſt, and by weſt, which lyeth upon the north fide of the ſand, which men doe call the Spaniard, theſe two buyes lye a great way one from the other.

Sailing from the buye upon the Laſts, it is a great way, all ſhowld water, ſo that you muſt run over there with high water, but coming near the buye upon the Spaniard, it is by little and little, deeper water. He that will ſaile over here, muſt reckon his tides well, the flood falleth there along towards the ſouthweſt almoſt thwart over the deep, and the ebbe to the contrary.

The ſecond buye in the Fiſhers Deep you muſt leave on the ſtarboard ſide: being paſt that, you come againſt the Blacktaile, to the ſouthwards of the Shoebeakon into the right deep. The eaſt poynt of Sheppy ſhall then lye about ſouth from you. From the Shoe-beakon the courſe is ſouthweſt to the point of Blacktaile, there runneth off a hook which men might (at unawares) ſail within (coming from the northwards) in five or ſix fathom, but if you keep from the ſhore in ſeven fathom, you cannot ſaile within it. From Black-tail to the Beakon upon the Noere, the courſe is weſt-ſouth-weſt, leave it on the larboard ſide, as before is ſaid, and run it along the River, in the middle of the Channel betwixt both lands unto Graveſend.

For to ſaile into the River of London coming from. the northwards,For to ſail into the River of Lond: from the northwards. you muſt come neer the coaſt to the northwards of Orfordnes, which is to the northwards of all the ſands, there lye Albrough, Dunwich, Walderſwike, Sowle and Covehit, all betwixt Orfordnes and Leyſtaf. Covehit is a ſharp ſteeple like as alſo Leyſtaffe, but Sowle and Walderſwyke, Albrough and Orfordnes, are all flat Steeples, Sowle and Dunwich lye both upon the high land, betwixt them both is a valley, therein you may ſee Walderſwike,Sowle. when you are thwart of it. Dunwich.Dunwich is the beſt to be known of all theſe foreſaid places: it hath two flat ſteeples, and on both ſides ſome trees. To the ſoutwards of it lyeth Albrough,Albrough. which is alſo very good to be known, it hath one high flat ſteeple with three mils, the two ſtand to the4 northwards, and the third to the ſouthwards of Arbrough when you are thwart of it, but ſailing to the ſouthwards, they come all three to the ſouthwards of it. The Land without Albrough, and to the ſouthwards of it is very low, flat and chindely land.

Betwixt Albrough and Dunwich, about half wayes betwixt them, lyeth a wood, which is at both ends high, and in the middeſt low with a ſaddle; this you ſhall commonly ſee firſt when you fall with land thereabouts, and is the beſt to be known for to know the coaſt by; the land without it, and to the ſouthwards, is very low flat chindely land. Orfordnes.About two leagues to the ſoutwards of Albrough lyeth Orfordnes, betwixt them both ſtand alſo two woods of trees, which ſhew themſelves a far off like Caſtles or Towers. Or fordnes is a flat ſteeple with a thick or broad caſtle, which hath alſo a thick flat ſteeple, almoſt of faſhion like the ſteeple of Rarop, open above with holes in it like Bellholes.

Before Dunwich you may anker, there is good lying in eight or nine fathom ſomwhat ſoft ground. Before Albrough is the beſt road of all the coaſts thereabouts, in ſix and ſeven fathom.

Eaſt from Albrough about two leagues,Aelbrough Knock. lyeth Albrough Knock, this is a ſand which at low water is not deeper then ſeven or eight foot: you may ſound round about in five fathom, but it is not good to come nearer it: with ſea winds you may diſcern it plainly, by the breaking of the ſea upon it; but with landerly or weſterly winds, and fair weather, the ſea breaketh not upon it; he that runneth thereby to the northwards with an ebb, ſhall ſee it commonly ripple very much upon it, like as upon moſt the Engliſh bancks, and not indeed upon the bancks, but againſt them, for upon the ſhowlds or middeſt of the banks is the ſmootheſt water, like as you find every where.

VVhen as Albrough is weſt from you,Marks of Aelbrough Knock. and the two ſteeples of Orfordnes are one in the other, there you ſhall find Albrough knock.

Theſe are ſure marks of that Sand.

The Whiting, or Whiting ſand, is ſomewhat a long ſmall ſand lying before Orfordnes, and the chindely land to the ſouthwards of Aelbrough, and lyeth along the reach, but the ſouth end lyeth further from land then the north end, there is at low water not above ſix or ſeaven foot water upon it. Coming from the northwards, men ſaile commonly to the weſtwards of it, that is through betwixt the land and Whiting-ſand, towards the Naze. Whiting ſand.Men may alſo ſaile along to the eaſtwards of it, through betwixt Whiting-ſand and the eaſtermoſt poynt of the Court, or Court-ſand, which ſome doe call the Rib. The Court.

The north end of the Whiting lyeth along cloſe to the ſhore, and lyeth from the ſteeples of Orfordnes ſoutheaſt and by ſouth, it is ſo exceeding ſteep and needle too, that you ſhall have the one caſt nine, the next caſt five fathom, and then you are no more but a ſhips length from it, before you can heave the lead againe you ſhall be upon it. When you ſit with the foreſhip againſt it, it is at the ſtern five or ſix fathom deep.

Along the inner ſide it is alſo every where ſo ſteep, that you cannot ſound it, but on the outer ſide you may run along by it in five fathom upon the lead, untill you come within the ſands.

When as you come from the northwards and will ſaile through within the Whiting, you muſt run cloſe by the ſhoare, and ſouth w. about by the poynt of the chi•dle to the ſouthwards of Aelbrough, untill you come within the north poynt of the Whiting, when the ſteeples of Orfordnes come to be north-weſt and by north from you, then you are right thwart of the north poynt of the Whiting, being within it goe againe more ſoutherly, to wit, ſouthweſt and by ſouth towards Balſy cliffe.

If you ſhould fall to the ſouthwards of Whiting, or els coming from the ſouthwards will ſaile in there to the northwards, then bring the ſteeples of Orfordnes weſtnorthweſt, or northweſt and by weſt, but for all not more northerly then north-weſt from you, and ſaile ſo right in untill you come by the Chindle ſtrand, then run in along6 by it, as is before ſaid, and then you ſhall run far enough along to the northwards of the Whiting.

If you will ſaile in to the eaſtwards or the ſouthwards of the Whiting, then bring the ſteeples of Orfordnes north north-weſt, or north-weſt and by north, or northweſt from you,For to run in to the eaſtwards of the Whiting. and ſaile in ſo right with them, untill that the wood of trees, that ſtandeth upon the next poynt to the ſouth-wards of Balſy cliffe, come to Balſy cliffe, which ſhall then ſtand about weſt-ſouthweſt from you, keep that aforeſaid wood to the ſouthſide of the cliffe, and ſaile in boldly right with it, and then you ſhall run right in the the faire-way in betwixt the Whiting, and the tayle of Court-ſand, but if you bring the foreſaid trees more then a hand-ſpikes length without the cliffe, you ſhall not fail to run on againſt the poynt of the Court. That aforeſaid wood of trees is very good to be knowne, becauſe thereabouts ſtand no other trees.

Or bring the ſteeple of Balſy w. ſ. w. from you, and ſaile in ſo right with it, until you come by Whiting ſand, in five or ſix fathom, and lead it in ſo by it upon the lead, untill that you come by Balſy, or that you get deeper water.

When you come near Balſy, whether you be come in from the northwards, or the ſouthwards of Whiting ſand, you muſt keep ſomewhat off from the ſhore, becauſe of a little riffe, or ſmall tayle, that ſhooteth off from the ſhore, thwart of Balſy-cliffe, which you muſt avoid ſomewhat, with ſhips of great draughts, there remaineth at low water upon it no more then two fathome, you may commonly perceive it well by the rippling of the tide.

You may alſo ſaile in to the ſouthwards of the Ribb, (that is,For to ſail in at the channel through the Court. the taile of the Court, or Court-ſand) thus, bring the ſteeple of Balſy north north w. or a little more northerly from you, and ſaile in ſo right with it, and ſo you ſhall run in to the northwards, or through the Court, at a channell of eight fathome depth, the eaſt ſide of this channell is ſteep, come no nearer it then eight fathome, but by the weſt ſide you may run in about by the Court,7 upon the lead, untill you come within the ſands.

Balſy hath a high flat ſteeple,Balſy. and lyeth ſomwhat within the land behind the cliffe, when as you come from the northwards, you may ſee Balſy to the northwards, or the weſtwards of the cliffe, but you ſaile it altogether behind the cliffe, ſo that at laſt it cometh out againe to the ſouthwards of it.

If you will ſaile to Harwich being paſt Balſy,For to ſail into Harwich. then bring Balſy to that ſteep point to the ſouthwards of Balſy, where trees ſtand upon, keep theſe marks ſo ſtanding, and run ſo along by the ſhoare, untill that you be over the point of the Chindle, the marks thereof are two high trees within the land, when they are about N. n. weſt from you, then they come one in the other with the ſteeple of Harwich, and then you are right over the poynt of the Chindle, and then you ſhall get deeper water, four and five fathome, or ſomewhat more againſt the higheſt water. Run in then about by the poynt, the channell lyeth in right N. but in the middeſt of the Havens mouth lyes a ſuncken rocky and ſtony ground, which you muſt avoid, you may ſaile in about it on both ſides, by the one ſhore or the other, but along by the eaſt ſhore it is beſt, being within it, you cannot ſaile amiſſe, to take hurt, if you doe not ſaile bluntly againſt the ſhore, there you may ankor all over, where you pleaſe, before the Towne, in five, ſix, and ſeven fathom. You may well alſo goe further into the bight, there it is clean every where. The faraway betwixt Orfordnes or Whiting-ſand, and the Naze lyeth moſt ſ. w. and by ſ. and is ſix, ſeven, and eight fathom deep, in turning to windwards you may run to the ſhore in five and four fathom, but cloſe to the ſands it is deeper, to wit, eight, nine, and ten fathom, the nearer the ſands, the deeper water.

But to ſaile from Balſy to the Naze,The Naze. you muſt mark the ſteeple of Balſy, when it cometh within a Capſtone-bars length neare to the ſ. end of the cliffe, then keep them ſo ſtanding, ſo long untill that the houſe upon the Maze come over the two fields, which lye on againſt the Highland,8 or come over a black head upon the ſea-ſide, ſaile then right in with them, untill that the ſteeple of Harwich come to be n. n. w. from you in the little valley of a red cliffe, leave then the firſt marks, keep the ſteeple of Harwich in that little valley, and goe on ſ. ſ. e. untill that the third poynt of the Naze come without the two other poynts, ſo you ſhall run through betwixt the Naze and the Courſe, there remaineth at low water no more then eight, ten, and at ſome places twelve foot water, therefore it is not good to run through here, unleſſe that it be a quarter flood, or with a ſhip of great draught at halfe flood, there it is very uneven of ground, rocky and ſtony. The poynt of the Naze is very foule, and uneven, the nearer the ſhoare thwart of that poynt the ſhowlder, but the nearer the ſands the deeper.

When that the third poynt of the Naze cometh without the two other poynts, or the other land, and that it doth againe begin to deep off, to wit, four or five fathom, then goe ſoutheſt ſomewhat ſoutherly, or ſouthweſt and by ſouth, unto the bye upon Longſand. Thwart of the Naze is Long-ſand very ſteep, ſo that it cannot be well ſounded with the lead by them that are not there very well acquainted,Longſand. but ſomwhat more to the ſouthwards you may run along by it in four fathom, and three fathom and a halfe, untill that you get the buy upon Longſand in ſight of you. The n. ſhore to the ſouthwards of the Naze is alſo flat, you may run along by it alſo upon the lead, without any danger.

The buy upon the Longſand lyeth in two fathome and an halfe,Buyes upon Longſand & the Spits. at halfe flood, you muſt leave it on the larboard ſide, and the Buye upon the Spits, on the ſtarboard ſide, which lyeth a little ſhowlder, they lye about ſouth and be eaſt, and north and by weſt, a musket ſhot one from the other. The Courſe betwixt the two buyes, is ſouth-ſoutheaſt, and northnorthweſt, but you muſt reckon well your tids,The Spits. whether you run through there with a flood, or with an ebb. Upon the Spits betwixt the two buyes, is at halfe flood at leaſt three fathom and a halfe, or almoſt9 four fathome, in the right channell, a little to the ſouthwards of the buy upon the Spits ſtand two maſts above the water, of a loſt ſhip, which are good marks. Whitakers Beakon.Being over the Spits, the courſe to Whitakers beakon is ſ. ſouthweſt.

About halfe way betwixt them ſtand alſo two maſts more on the ſame w. ſide,Middle-plate. and over againſt theſe maſts lyeth a middle plate, whereupon lyeth a buy on the weſt ſide: the fareway is along to the weſt-wards of this middle-plate, through betwixt that foreſaid Buy, and the Maſte.

To the northwards of that foreſaid Middle-plate, goeth out a Channell by the ſouth-ſide of Long-ſand, which you may ſaile out and in, called the Kings deep. If you come from Whitakers-beakon, paſt the Middle-plate, ſo far that you get ſight of the buyes of Long-ſand, or Spits, goe then boldly e. n. e. and n. e. and by eaſt into ſea, or upon the lead along by Longſand, but if you ſhould run into ſea, to the ſ. wards of the Middle-plate, you ſhould with an e. n. e. way ſaile within the Hook of the Mouſe. This Kings-deep is a ready Channell,Kings deep. and is uſed almoſt forall ſhips for to run out at.

For to run in at this channell out of the ſea,For to ſail into the Kings deep. then bring the poynt of the Naze northweſt from you, and ſaile in ſo with it, untill that you come near Goemfliet or Longſand in five fathome, goe in then along by it about weſtſouth weſt, and ſouthweſt and by weſt, and keepe the ſounding of Long-ſand, and ſo you ſhall not faile to run in ſight of the buy upon the Spits, and the foreſaid maſts to the ſouthwards of it.

From Whitakers beakon to the Shoebeakon the courſe is ſ. ſ. w. ſomewhat weſterly, coming thwart of the Shoebeakon,Shoe beakon. then lyeth the eaſt poynt of Sheppy about ſ. from you. From the Shoebeakon the courſe is along ſ. w. to the poynt of Blacktaile,Blacktaile. there runneth off a Hook, which men might ſaile within, coming from the northwards, but if you keep from the ſhore in ſeven fathome, you cannot take hurt of it, but in five fathome you run within it. 10The like Hook is alſo a little to the ſouthwards of the Shoebeakon, which you might unawares ſaile within, coming from the ſouthwards.

From Blacktaile to the beakon upon the Nore, the courſe is w. ſ. w. The Nore is a ſand,The Nore. lying from the ſouth poynt of the maine land of the River, far to the eaſtwards, therefore leave the beakon on the larboard ſide, and goe on weſt along amidſt the channel, into the River, betwixt both the lands, as heretofore hath been ſaid in the deſcription of the Fiſhers deep.

From Aelbrough along by Dunwich to Covehit, the coaſt lyeth north and by eaſt, ſomewhat eaſterly, and ſouth and by weſt, or ſomewhat weſterly five leagues, but from Covehit or Leyſtaf, north and ſouth two leagues Aelbrough, Dunwich and the ſands lying thereabouts, are deſcribed here before.

Betwixt Dunwich and Covehit lyeth the Haven of Sowle,Sowle. which is a little ſhowld River, a little within it divideth it ſelfe into three parts, upon the northermoſt arm lyeth Sowle, upon the middlemoſt Walderſwyke, and upon the ſouther moſt Dunwich. Dunwich.

Covehit hath a high ſharp ſteeple, thwart of it lyeth a bank not far from land, which falleth at low water, but at halfe flood you may ſaile through betwixt it and the land in three fathome, upon the outer ſide it is very ſteep, ſo that you cannot come nearer it then nine or ten fathome. When the ſteeple of Eaſton is weſtnorth weſt from you, then you are to the ſouthwards of the bank, & when the ſteeple of Covehit is ſ. w. and by w. from you, then you are to the northwards of it.

Two leagues to the northward of Covehit lyeth Leyſtaf,Leyſtaff, and two leagues more to the northwards of it lyeth Yarmouth. The ſteeple of Leyſtaf is a high ſharp ſteeple, and ſtandeth a great musket ſhot within the land from the houſes, ſo that in ſailing along you may bring the ſteeple on both ſides of the houſes. Off from Leyſtaf begin the bank or Holins of Yarmouth, & lye along to the n. wards paſt Yarmouth, until thwart of Winterton there goe divers11 marks, for thoſe that are there acquainted; you may ſaile through within theſe banks, off from Leyſtaf, untill paſt Winterton.

If you run through from before Leyſtaff within theſe banks, then look out for the fire-beakon,For to come within the banks of Yarmouth. which ſtands by Leyſtaf, which at two little white houſes, the one ſtandeth beneath upon the chindle on the ſea-ſide, and the innermoſt upon a little Hammock, ſomewhat further within the land. When they come to the ſouthwards, they ſhew themſelves to the northwards of the Towne, but come at laſt thwart of it. In the night there is alwayes fired upon them, for to ſaile in there alſo by night. Bring theſe foreſaid fire-beakons n. w. and by north, or ſomewhat more northerly from you, and ſaile in ſo right with them, either by night or by day, the Church of Leyſtaf cometh then to the ſouthwards of the Towne, over a Countrey Houſe by the water ſide: when you come againſt the Channell, there is at low water no more then three fathome depth, keep theſe foreſaid fire-beakons one in the other, or bring the innermoſt rather a little northwards of the outermoſt, for to avoid a little plate, which lyeth on the ſouth-ſide of the Deep, but the Channell is indifferent wide, run untill you come againſt the ſtrand in two fathome and an halfe, or two fathome, ſo neare as you will or can and goe then up northwards along by the ſhore, you ſhall then (being ſailed a little to the northwards) meet with a flat, whereupon remaineth at low water leſſe then two fathome depth, with laden ſhips you muſt ankor before that flat, and ſtay for high water, it floweth there about eight foot up and downe, ſo ſoon as you are over the flat it will be five, ſix, and ſeven fathom deep, edge then to the ſhore, and ſaile toward it, and then you come before the Brew-houſe, there is the road where you may ankor in four, five, and ſix fathome, from thence n. wards towards Yarmouth along the ſhore is all over good ankoring and good ground.

About an Engliſh mile,Haven of Yarmouth. or ſomewhat more to the ſ. wards of the Towne Yarmouth, is the Haven of Yarmouth,12 it hath two wooden heads, where you muſt ſaile in betwixt them both, againſt the higheſt water, when the ſtrongeſt of the flood is ſpent, at halfe flood it is dangerous, becauſe of the ſtrongeſt tide, which ſhould lighlty carry you into the bight,Road before Yarmouth. againſt the ſhoare (againſt your will) it is alſo beſt to run in along by the ſoutherhead, there it is deepeſt. At Yarmouth in the road, men doe commonly ankor to the northwards of the Heaven, right thward of the Towne, in five, ſix, ſeven, or eight fathome, the nearer you ankor to the ſands, the deeper water you ſhall have, but all good ſand, and ſoft ground.

If you will ſaile into the road of Yarmouth, through the Holmes, then bring the ſharp little ſteeple, that ſtandeth to the northwards of Yarmouth within the land, over the broad Caſtle, or bring the Mill to the north ſide of the Towne. Keep theſe marks ſo ſtanding, and goe in ſo weſt n. weſt, you ſhall find in this channell not leſſe water then eight or nine fathome at halfe flood. This channel is called S. Nicholas channell:S. Nicholas channell. On the north ſide it is deepeſt, being come in, the road is right before the Towne, in five and ſix fathome.

Thwart or over againſt the Haven of Yarmouth, goeth alſo a channel through the Holms, for to ſaile in through there coming to the ſouthwards, then bring Southon on the north ſide of the Haven, the great tree betwixt Northen and that flat little houſe or Caſtle, ſaile in right with them, and keep theſe marks ſo ſtanding, untill that you be within the Holmes, within them lyeth a plate on the ſtarboard ſide, a little to the n. wards of the Haven, called the Middle-ground, you may ſaile about it on both ſides, on the inner ſide in five fathome, but towards the Holms, or about to the eaſtwards of it, in eight and nine fathome.

From Yarmouth to Winterton the coaſt lieth n. and by w. and n. n. w. two leagues.

If you will ſaile from Yarmouth forth through within the banks to the n. wards, ſaile along by the land, and keep the ſounding of the ſhore in five, ſix, and ſeaven fathome, untill that you have the two fire-beakons (which13 ſtand a little to the northwards of the Caſtor) one in the other, ſaile then right with them, either by day or by night (in the night there is fired upon them) you ſhall ſo run over a flat, through betwixt two buyes, which lye each of them upon a taile of a ſand, ſaile boldly in with the foreſaid fire-beakons, untill that you come againe near the ſhore, in five or ſix fathom, being come by the ſhore, run then again along by it, and keep the ſounding thereof as before, all along untill you come before Winterton.

Thwart of Winterton runneth off a dangerous riffe, which is dangerous to ſaile about by night,Riffe of Witerton, or Winterton Neſſe. if men doe come too near it, which is upon the end ſo ſteep, that (in three fathom, or two fathom and a halfe) you ſhall not be a ſhips length off from it, but when as you (coming from the ſouthwards) keep your ſelfe in ſix or ſeven fathom, then you cannot ſaile too near to it. To the ſ. wards of that riffe upon the land, ſtandeth a fire-tower which is very good to be known, with a fire-beakon, and alſo a little white houſe, when theſe come one in the other, then you are thwart of the point of the riffe.

To the northwards of this riffe upon the Land, ſtand two white fire-beakons, whereupon there is fired by night, for to avoyd this riffe. When as you come thwart of the point, then are theſe alſo one in the other, ſo that theſe doe ſerve for thwart marks, and the other to the ſouthwards of them, for long marks, for thoſe that will ſaile about it from the ſouthwards. Coming from the n. wards along the ſhore, in five or ſix fathom, untill you come by the fire-beakons, upon the n. ſide, you muſt keep ſomewhat off from the ſhore, before they come one in the other, or elſe you ſhould run on againſt the riffe. When they are one in the other they ſtand ſ. w. and by weſt from you, and when as the high fire-beakon to the ſouthwards of Winterton, cometh to be ſ. w. ſomewhat more weſterly from you, then you are thwart of the point of the riffe: you may not alſo run about far within that riffe, for then you ſhould lightly be foule to the grounds14 to the eaſtwards of it, eſpecially when you come from the northwards, for there it is not very wide betwixt them both.

From Winterton to Haesbrough poynt, the courſe lyeth n. w. three leagues.

Betwixt Haesbrough and the Admirals houſe ſtands a ruinous Tower upon the ſtrand, when as you keep it and the ſteeple of Haesbrough one in the other, coming from the northwards, then you run right upon the point of the foreſaid riffe. Four leagues without the land lyeth Winterton ſand, the ſ. end thereof lyeth about e. and the n. end n. e. from Winterton.

Thwart of Admirals houſe, not far from the ſhore, lyeth alſo a little plate where no ſhips can goe over, but if you goe in fix or ſeven fathom, you cannot ſaile too near it, you may alſo run through in two fathom, betwixt this plate and the land.

From Haesbrough to Cromer, the Coaſt lyeth along north-weſt and by weſt, and weſt-north-weſt, three or four leagues.

Of the Depths and Showlds about theſe Plates, and in what Depths men may ſee the Land.

Five or ſix Leagues n. and by e. and n. n. e. from the n. Forland, or from Marget, lyeth a bank called Kentiſh Knock, upon it is three fathom water, being by it you may even ſee the Land from below.

Five Leagues n. e. from this bank it is twenty fathom deepe.

N. e. and by n. from the North Forland, nine or ten Leagues, and about e. from the Naze, eight leagues into the ſea, lyeth a bank called the Galloper, of five, ſix, and ſeven fathom depth.

The Weſtrocks is a ſtony ground, lying between the Court and Longſand, where is no more then two fathom water at a halfe flood.

Without that ſand, or Harwich, five Leagues from the15 Naze it is 20. and 22. fathom deep, being there you may ſee the Land.

Thwart of Orfordnes you may ſee the Land from below, in two and twenty fathom.

Five or ſix Leagues without Leyſtaff and Yarmouth, ſ. e. and by e. into ſea, it is 27. and 28. fathom deep, there you may ſee the Land.

Four leagues e. and by ſ. from Land, without the Holms of Yarmouth, lyeth a bank called the Newſand, which is not deeper then two fathom.

E. n. e. at leaſt ſeven Leagues from Land, thwart of Yarmouth, it is 15. fathom, the ground red groſſe ſand, with little round ſtones, being there you may even ſee the Land from below.

Thwart of Winterton and Cromer, ſeven or eight leagues from the Land, it is 18 and 19 fathom deep, and there you may ſee the Land.

Winterton ſand lyeth 4 or five leagues from land. n. e. from Winterton.

What Moon maketh High-water at theſe places.

At the North Forland a north and ſouth Moon maketh High-water.

Within the Thames a ſ. and by e. Moon.

Before the Thames, at Harwich and Orfordnes, a ſ. ſ. e. Moon.

At Leyſtaff and Yarmouth, a ſ. ſ. e. Moon maketh High-water.

Without the banks of Yarmouth, and before Cromer, a ſ. e. Moon maketh full ſea.

Betwixt the Banks of Harwich, and the Holmes of Yarmouth, the flood falleth ſ. and the ebb n.

Thwart of the banks of Winterton and Cromer, the flood falleth ſ. ſ. e. and the ebbe n. n. w.

Of the Tides, and Courſes of the Streames.

From the n. Forland the flood falleth to the Roculvers, and over the Brakes w. ſ. w. and w. and by ſ.

Without about Goodwin, towards Kentiſh Knock, the flood falleth n. and by w. and n. n. w. there cometh the flood alſo againſt it from the n. wards, and meet one another by the Gallopper, with very great rippling, and noyſe (whereof this bank is alſo called the Gallopper) and falleth to the weſtwards, into the ſands and channels, and alſo to the eaſtwards towards Flanders.

Betwixt the n. Forland and Orfordnes, the ſtream falleth without the ſands, ſ. and by e. and ſ. ſ. e.

When you are to the n. wards of the Gallopper, then you can reckon no ebbe, then that which runneth along England to the n. wards, the ſtreams fall there all along the Coaſts. To the ſ. wards of the Gallopper, the ebbe goeth to the contrary, to the ſ. wards, and the flood to the n. wards.

Courſes and Diſtances.

From the n. Forland to the n. end of Good wine, the Courſe is ſ. and by e. One great league.
From the n. Forland to Kentiſh Knock, n. e. and by e. and n. n. e. 4 or 5 l.
From thence to the Orfordnes n. 12. l.
From the n. Forland to the Gallopper, n. e. and by n. 9. l.
From the Gallopper to Orfordnes n. n. w. 9 or 10. l.
From the n. Forland to the Wielings, the Courſe is e. ſomewhat northerly, about 27. l.
From the n. Forland to the Maſe, the Courſe is e. n. e. or ſomewhat more eaſterly, about 33. l.
From the n. Forland to the Teſſel, or Marſdiep, n. 45. l.
From the Naze or Harwich to the Maſe, e. 29. l.
From Orfordnes to Teſſel, e. n. e. 39. l.
17
From yarmouth to Leyſtaff, to Waloheren or the Wicklings ſoutheaſt, and ſ. e. and by ſ. 38. or 40. l.
From the point of Cromer or Schield, to the Teſſel, the Courſe is e. 40. or 42. l.

Of the Heights of theſe Lands.

The North Forland lyeth in 51 deg. 25. min.
Orfordnes lyeth in 52 deg. 12 min.

The Second Demonſtration.In which The Coaſts of England are ſet forth, between Cromer and Orkney.

THe land lyeth from Cromer to Bornum firſt w. n. w. and w. and by n. and then weſt, and weſt and by ſ. 9. or 10. leagues.

From Cromer to Blakeney it is three or four leagues. Blakeney.At Blakeney ſtandeth a high ſteeple, which you may ſee along farre over the Land, when it cometh to the little ſteeple, then you have the firſt buy of the channell, which lyeth at the ſ. end of the Pole, which is a ſand at the w. ſide of the Channell of Blakeney, go from the firſt buy to the other, and along by them, untill you come within the Haven; this is a Tide-Haven, where men doe lye dry at low water.

Four leagues to the weſtwards of Blakeney lyeth Wels,Pol and Pyper. betwixt them both lyeth the foreſaid ſhowld, called the Poll and Pyper, there it is ſhowld a far off at Sea. At the weſt end of this ſhowld, goeth in the Deep of Wels, the beakons that you muſt ſaile in along by, ſtand all along by the Pyper. When Hoebrom ſtandeth eaſt-ſouth-weſt from you, then you are to the weſtwards of the Pyper, thwart of it is good road in ſix fathom. Wells.Wels lyeth then8 ſoutheaſt from you, and the trees ſtand then alſo againſt the ſteeple, then you may ſaile open into the Haven of Wells, along by the foreſaid beakons.

Betwixt Wels and Bornum lieth a bank, you may ride under it in five or ſix fathom, at halfe flood there is upon it no more then two fathom water.

He that will ſaile into Bornum,Bornum. muſt goe in at high water, and he muſt bring the ſteeple againſt the Black-houſe, and ſaile ſo in by the beakons, leaving them on the larboard ſide. Theſe are all Tyde-havens.

From Bornum to Chappell the courſe is weſt-ſouthweſt two leagues,Chappell. to the northwards of it lyeth the Sonck, which is a ſand that falleth dry at low water. You may ſaile about it on both ſides of the Sonck unto Lin. The Sonck.

For to ſaile into the Eaſter channel of Lyn,Eaſter channell of Lyn. then ſaile about to the eaſtwards of the Sonck, and bring the wood of trees, over the point of Sitſein or Suytſon, and Chappell eaſt from you, then goe in ſ. e. and by ſ. and you ſhall find the firſt buye, then in ſ. and by w. and ſ. ſ. w. and by little and little more weſterly, untill you come about the point, there the buyes and beakons ſhall ſhew you the way.

When you come about the point, then you may run through the ſands, into the northern channell, and ſaile out againe by the ſame into ſea, by the buyes and marks that are thereof. This norther channell lyeth into ſea n. e. and n. e. and by eaſt, and is very well buyed and beakoned.

You may alſo ſaile into the weſtwards of the Sonck,Weſter channell of Lyn. to wit, ſouth and by eaſt in all along by it, and ſo run to the firſt buye, and then from the buye along by the beakons unto Lyn before the Towne. When you come from the eaſtwards, you may well run through within the Sonck, along by the land, cloſe along by Chappell, and in ſouth and by weſt unto the foreſaid firſt buye.

For to ſaile from Cromer or Blakeney,Boſton deep. to Boſton deep, you muſt goe on weſt and by north, untill you come by the land betwixt the Hommor and Lagerneſſe. From the19 Sonck lyeth a long bank, called the Flats,The Flats. north into ſea a league, which at low water falleth dry at divers places. You run with the foreſaid weſt and by North Courſe (when you are by Cromer or Blakeney a little without the land) along without, or to the northwards of this bank, at high water, you may well goe over it, the ground on the eaſt ſide goeth up flat and plaine, run boldly to it without fear, untill you come in four or three fathom, he that uſeth his lead can take no hurt of it, but on the inner ſide, that is, on the weſt ſide, it is very ſteep, ſo ſoon as you be over the ſhowldeſt, you ſhall get ſuddenly deep water, and good ſand ground, under it, or within it, it is good riding for eaſterly winds.

For to ſaile into Boſtom deep,For to ſail into Boſton deep. through within the Knock, or Elleknock, you muſt keep the ſounding of the ſhoare in foure or five fathom, ſo long untill that the poynt of Lagarnes be weſt-north-weſt from you. Betwixt the ſhoare and Elleknock remaineth at low water five fathom in the middeſt of the channell,Elleknock. but Elleknock falleth dry at low water. When that Lagerneſſe is weſt-northweſt frrom you, then goe on ſouth-eaſt, through betwixt Elleknock and the ſhowld (which ſhooteth off from the ſhoar to the weſtwards Lagerneſſe (untill that you get againe depth of ſix or ſeaven fathom, in this going over remaineth at low water no more then two fathom, but it floweth there about three fathom up and downe. Being over it,Longſand. then goe on ſouth-weſt along betwixt Longſand and the ſhowld, which lyeth off from the ſhoare, there it is deep betwixt them both, nine and ten fathom, you may ſound both ſides (as well the ſhowld which lyeth off from the Land, as Longſand) in five fathom, but the flat is ſomewhat ſteeper then Longſand.

For to ſaile without Elleknock into Boſtons deep, coming (as is before ſaid) to the weſt land,Ingoldmils. you muſt look out for the two ſteeples of Ingoldmils, ſtanding ſomwhat to the northwards of Lagerneſſe, bring them one in the other, and then they ſhall ſtand about north-north-weſt from you, keep them one in the other, and goe on ſouth-eaſt,20 untill that the trees upon the poynt by weſt Lagerneſſe, come without the poynt of Lagerneſſe, and then you run through betwixt Elleknock and Dogſhead that is a ſhowld without Elleknock) when theſe aforeſaid trees come a handſpikes length paſt,Dogs head. or to the eaſtwards of the poynt of Lagerneſſe, then goe on ſouth-weſt and then you run right into the deep, betwixt Elleknock and Longſand, and ſo you ſhall find betwixt Elleknock and the poynt of Longſand, five fathom depth, being paſt Elleknock, it will be eight, nine, and ten fathom deep.

If you will ſaile out of the ſea into Boſton deep, and not along by the Land, as is before ſaid, then bring the foreſaid trees a handſpikes length without the poynt of Lagerneſſe, which ſhall then ſtand from you about weſt-ſouth-weſt, ſaile in ſo right with them, untill that the high-land within Lagerneſſe or Winfleet begin to come even without the poynt of Lagerneſſe, which ſhall then be from you ſomewhat more northerly then weſt, then you are within the poynt of Longſand. Or elſe there ſtand three little houſes on the ſea-ſide, about halfe wayes betwixt Lagerneſſe and Ingoldmils, when they come to be north-weſt from you, and thoſe foreſaid trees without the poynt, then you are alſo within the poynt of Longſand, goe in then ſ. w. betwixt Elleknock and Longſand, as aforeſaid. A little paſt Lagerneſſe lyeth a ſhowld or plate about the middeſt in the fareway, but neareſt Longſand when the trees upon the poynt to the ſouthwards of Winfleet come in the ſecond valley of the high-land within Winfleet, then you are right thwart of this ſhowld, edge therefore to one ſide or other, rather towards the ſhowld, there is wideſt, keep boldly the ſounding of the ſhowld, and run ſouthweſt along by it, untill that the ſteeple of Boſton come over the ſteeple of Butterwyke, that is alſo a flat ſteeple (but ſmaller then that of Boſton) ſtanding in a wood of trees,Butterwyke. thwart of it runneth the ſhowld ſomwhat off with a poynt, being paſt it, goe on weſt-ſouth-weſt, all along by the foreſaid ſhowld, untill that the great ſteeple of Boſton come over the ſecond Mill; there21 it is good anchoring by the weſt ſhore in five fathom at low water. He that cometh there at low water, muſt ankor and ſtay for the tide untill halfe flood, before that you may not ſaile further in from thence, and then you ſhall not alſo finde more then two fathome upon the ſhowldeſt.

From thence to Deep lyeth in along by the beakons about ſouth to the third beakon, being paſt that w. ſ. w. and then by little and little more weſterly and northerly, but run all along by the beakons, leaving them on the ſtarboard ſide, at laſt on north into the River.

Upon the poynt of the River ſtandeth a houſe, which is a ſheep houſe, before that you come by it, it ſeemeth as if there were no opening, by reaſon that it is all even green land, run in by it, all along by the land, being paſt it, the River doth open it ſelfe. Being come within the poynts, you muſt run in betwixt two dikes, a league up, untill you come before the Towne, in the River it is at halfe flood every where deep enough. When as that you come a little within the houſes of the Town, on the larboard ſide, there you muſt let fall your ankor, and ſtay untill that the water begin to fall, then you ſhall have flood enough for to drive to the Key, there you muſt faſt with one Cable, it doth not begin to ebbe there, before that water be fallen three foot.

An eaſt and weſt Moon maketh in Boſton deep the higheſt water, but before the Town an eaſt and by ſouth and eaſt-ſouth-eaſt Moon. He that cometh from Boſton, and will ſaile out at the deep with a high water, let him look out for the foreſaid high-land within Lagerneſſe, when that cometh behind the point of Lagerneſſe, then he may boldly ſet his courſe whether he deſireth to be, either to the eaſtwards, northeaſtwards, or northwards, there is no thing then that can hurt him.

From Lagerneſſe to Hommer it is about ſeven leagues, moſt north, betwixt them both, about a league to the ſouthwards of the Hommer lyeth a place called Saltfleet-haven, a little to the northwards of a ſharp ſteeple called22 Wilgrip. Plate by Saltfleet Haven.Thwart of that foreſaid Saltfleet-haven, about an Engliſh mile from the ſhoare, lyeth a bank, or ſand-plate, not very great, which at low water falleth almoſt dry, you muſt run about without it, and leave it lying towards the land from you, but yet for need you may alſo ſaile through within it.

For to ſaile into the Hommer coming from the northwards,For to ſail into the Hommer. you muſt ſaile along by the ſhoare, and run about by the north poynt, but coming by the poynt you muſt keep ſomewhat off from the ſhoare in four or five fathom, for to avoid a little taile, which lyeth off from the poynt, being about it, run to the little Iſland, which lyeth a little by weſt that foreſaid n. poynt.

If coming from the ſouthwards you deſire to ſaile to the Hommer, then bring the Pawle ſteeple (which is a high ſharp ſteeple ſtanding on the north ſide of the Hommer) a little by ſouth the north poynt of the Hommer, or over that foreſaid little Iſland, and ſaile ſo right in with it, untill that you come by that little Iſland, being come by it, leave it on the ſtarboard ſide, and run in cloſe by it, for to avoid a great ſand called the Bull, which lyeth off from the ſ. ſhoare almoſt unto that little Iſland. When that you come within that little Iſland, then bring the two Beakons (which ſtand upon that little Iſland) one in the other, keep them ſo ſtanding, and ſaile ſo on the weſtwards towards Grimsby, you leave the buye upon the Bull, lying then on the larboard ſide, and run along to the northwards of it: In this faire way it is ſeven and eight fathom deep. You may not come nearer the Bull,Road before Grimsby. then in ſix fathome. Before Grimsby you may ankor in three or four fathom at low water, it floweth there at leaſt three fathom up and down, a weſt-ſouth-weſt, and eaſt north-eaſt Moon, maketh before the Hommer, the higheſt water. Within the foreſaid little Iſland, at the n. poynt of the Hommer, you may ankor in three or four fathom, there lye commonly ſhips that are bound out, and tarry for the wind.

From Grimsby in along to Hull, the Courſe is w. n. w.23 to the end of the bank, or ballaſt plate, which you muſt leave lying on the n. ſide. On the ſ. ſide there lyeth alſo a little plate, there ſtandeth commonly a Beakon upon it, that you muſt leave on the larboard ſide, and run along to the n. wards of it, being paſt it, you may run along by the ſouth ſhoare in three fathom. The faire way there is four, five, and ſix, and thwart of the ſaid Beakon, eight and ten fathom. When you come to the end of the bank, you muſt edge up to the w. wards about by the poynt on the ſ. ſide, but there runneth off a Flat which you muſt avoid. Being a little about that poynt, you ſhall ſee the Towne of Hull lye before you, there you may ankor before it in ſix, ſeven, or eight fathom: an e. and w. Moon maketh full ſea before Hull. He that will ankor upon the Ballaſt plate, let him bring the flat ſteeple, which ſtandeth a little to the n. wards, or the e. wards of Hull to the high poynt of Pael, and keep them ſo ſtanding untill that he come to the Plate, there it is beſt for to ankor upon it.

From the n. poynt of the Hommer,Flambrough head. called Spurn-head to Flamborough-head, the Courſe is n. and by w. eight or nine leagues, betwixt them it is ſhowld water of ſix, ſeven, and eight fathom deep. Flamborough-head hath many white ſpots, and chalk hills, eſpecially upon the n. ſide toward Fyley. Flamborough hath a Head or Piere. A league to the w. wards of it, on the ſ. ſide, lyeth a little Towne called Burlington, which hath alſo a Piere. Burlington.You may ankor there in the buy in ſix or ſeven fathom.

Three leagues by weſt Flambourgh head lyeth Fyley,Fyley. in a round bay to the ſouthwards of a poynt that lyeth out, which hath a Piere or Head, where you may lye within it, but it falleth there dry at low water.

Without the head of Fyley lyeth a rock under water,Fyley bride. called Fyley bridge, betwixt it and the Piere you may well lye afloat with a ſhip of an hundred laſts, in five fathom at low water, and have ſhelter for a n. e. and e. wind.

From Scarbrough the Coaſt lyeth along by Robbin-hoods bay, untill before Whidbye,Robbinhoods bay. Whidbie. moſt n. w. but paſt24 Whidbie the land falleth in w. n. w. and by little and little more weſterly unto the Tees.

Robbinhoods bay is a good road for a ſ. ſ. w. and w. wind, there men lye in ſeven or eight fathom.

Whidbie is a tide-haven, which falleth dry at low water, at the e. ſide of the Haven, runneth off a riffe of rocks, whereof you muſt take heed. For to ſaile in there, you muſt run in betwixt the two Beakons, untill that you come in betwixt the two lands, and ankor there.

From Whidbie to the Tees the Coaſt lyeth moſt w. n. w. and w. and by n. about ſeven leagues,Huntleyfoot. betwixt both lye Huntleyfoot, and Redcliffe. Huntleyfoot is a high hill, lying on the ſea-ſide, about four leagues to the eaſtwards of the Tees. Redcliffe.Redcliffe lyeth about halfe wayes betwixt Huntleyfoot and the Tees, it is a cliffe of ſuch very red earth, that when the ſun doth ſhine againſt it, it is to ſee to like red cloath: theſe two are very good marks for to know this Coaſt by.

Cloſe to the ſouthwards of the mouth of the Tees lye three Riffes, which lye about a halfe league e. n. e. into ſea, which are very foule and ſtony, and fall dry at low water, upon the n. ſide they are very flat, ſo that you may ſound about by them in five, ſix, and ſeven fathom, but on the ſ. ſide are ſo ſteep that coming near them, and ſounding in thirteen and fourteen fathom, you ſhould be upon them, before you ſhould be able to heave the lead the ſecond time.

A league and halfe to the n. wards of the Tees lyeth Hartlepoole, upon a poynt that lyeth out almoſt like an Iſland. For to goe in there you muſt run in to a bight to the ſouthwards of the Towne within a head, untill you come againſt the Towne, there you ſhall lye dry at low water.

About halfe wayes betwixt Hartlepoole and the Tees,Hartlepoole. runneth off alſo a riffe of rocks thwart from the ſhoare, a good wayes into ſea, come no nearer it then five or ſix fathom. There ſtandeth a Mill to the northwards of the Towne Hartlepoole, if you keep that to the weſt ſide of25 the Towne Hartlepoole, then you cannot ſaile upon that foreſaid riffe, but if you bring the foreſaid Mill a little to the weſtwards of the Towne, ſo that you may plainly ſee through betwixt the Mill and the Towne, then you ſhall not faile to ſaile upon that riffe.

For to ſaile into Teeſe coming from the northwards,For to ſail into the Teeſe. you muſt obſerve theſe marks following. A good wayes to the northwards of Hartlepoole, a little to the ſouthwards of Sonderland, and a little within the Land, lye upon the high-land two Hammocks, one cloſe to the other, very good to be knowne,The Paps. of faſhion like womens breaſts, called the Paps, keep theſe two Hammocks even without the poynt of Hartlepoole, which ſhall then ſtand from you n. w. and by n. and ſaile ſo on to the ſouthwards, and you ſhall fall before the Teeſe, and ſhall not ſaile too near the ſands that lye out before the mouth of the Teeſe, and lye off about a halfe league into ſea.

On both ſides, as well on the n. ſide, as the ſ. ſide of the Teeſe, ſtand two little white houſes for fire-beakons: If you come from the n. wards, and get ſight of them, then bring firſt the two ſouthermoſt one in the other, which ſhall then ſtand from you ſ. and by e. ſaile right in with them, untill that the other two, which ſtand on the n. ſide of the Teeſe, come alſo one in the other, then leave them on the ſ. ſide, and ſaile in right with them that ſtand on the n. ſide, and ſo you ſhall run in amidſt the channel, there is upon the barre, or ſhowldeſt, at low water, no more then five foot, but it floweth there with a common tide, at leaſt two fathome, up and downe. A ſ. w. Moon maketh there full ſea. If when you come from the ſouth wards, you will ſaile into the Teeſe, then bring the innermoſt of the two fire-beakons (which ſtand on the n. ſide) at leaſt a handſpikes length, or the length of a capſtone barre, to the n. wards of the other, and run ſo w. wards towards them, until that the two fire-beakons on the ſ. ſide are one in the other, then ſaile in right with them, as hath been ſaid, untill that two fire-beakons on the n. ſide come one in the other: when you have them one in the26 other, run in right with them, untill that you come by the n. ſhore, and then cloſe along by it.

When as that you come ſo farre in paſt the firſt fire-bea-beakon, to wit, that you may ſee Hartlepoole betwixt the two fire-beakons, there you may ankor in three, four, or five fathome, or when Hartlepoole cometh betwixt the foreſaid fire-beakons, then goe ſ. ſ. w. until that you come by the ſ. ſhore, there it is alſo good ankoring. Further it is Pilots water unto Stockton, for there within, the Deeps doe ſhift oftentimes, and that in ſhort time, three, four, or five times in a ſummer.

He that will ſaile in there with northerly winds, and a floud, muſt reckon well his tides, for the floud falleth ſtrong to the ſouthwards over the grounds, and ſhould there be lightly carried behind the bank to the ſ. wards of the buy, which lyeth upon the point of the bank.

Beſides this foreſaid channel,For to ſaile in to the new channell. there runneth yet another channel through the grounds, which lye off from the n. poynt of the Teeſe. For to ſaile in there, you muſt take mark of the two high lands within the land, to the ſ. wards of the Teeſe, bring them within a handſpikes length one of another, or bring the Paps to the w. ſide of Hartlenope, then ſhall alſo the two foreſaid high lands come within a handſpikes length near one to the other, ſaile in right with them, and ſo you ſhall run right into that new channel, along through that aforeſaid land, and come againſt the buye (upon the ſands, on the ſ. ſide of the Deep) again in the right fareway. When that you get againe deeper water, or have the two fire-beakons on the n. ſide one in the other, then goe in towards them, and further, as hath been before ſaid.

About ſeven leagues to the n. wards of the Teeſe, lyeth the River of Sonderland, a little to the n. wards of the Paps, which are very good marks for to know the land by thereabouts. When the Paps are ſ. ſ. w. from you, and that you are about an Engliſh mile from the land, then you are right before the River of Sonderland, the ground is there about indifferent clean, but ſomewhat ſtony, you27 may ankor there in four, five, and ſix fathome. On both ſides, as well on the n. point, as the ſ. point of the River, it is ſtony. On the n. point ſtandeth a Beakon in the water, there you muſt run in, within a little ſhips length along by it, being paſt that, you ſhall get deeper water, to wit, a fathom and a halfe, and two fathome at low water, but upon the barre remaineth no more then three foot: with a common ſpring and high water there is about two fathome and a halfe, or a little more.

After this aforeſaid firſt depth of a fathome and a half,Sonderland. or two fathom, you ſhall meet again with a ſtony floore, about three ſhips length broad, upon it is at high water about eleven or twelve foot deep, according as the Tides ſhall run, being over it there, it is againe deeper. A little paſt that is a narrow place, where a long ſhip ſhall ſcarce be able to wend within it, it is wide enough, and every where good ground.

From the Teeſe to Tinmouth the Courſe n. n. w. eight or nine leagues. Tow leagues to the fourth wards of Tinmouth lyeth the point of Sonderland, but cloſe to the ſ. wards of Tinmouth goeth in the river of Newcaſtle. From the point of Tinmouth ſhooteth off a ledge of rocks, you muſt ſaile in by it, leaving it on the ſtarboard ſide. The marks for to ſaile into the River, are two fire-towers, or fire-beakons, which ſtand upon the n. ſhore, bring them one in the other, or the innermoſt (that is the higheſt) a little to the n. wards of the outermoſt or loweſt, and ſaile ſo right in along by the aforeſaid ledge of rocks on the n. ſide, and ſo you ſhall have upon the ſhowldeſt two fathome at halfe flood: a ſ. w. Moon maketh there full ſea. The ſ. ſhoare is flat, you may lead it in there with the ſounding pole for ſhips that goe not deep, in ten foot at halfe flood. When you come within, run all along by the n. ſhoare, until paſt the little Town Sheels, edge then over to the other ſhoare, untill you come through the crooked reach, there the river lyeth up againe to the n. wards, and then to the ſ. wards, to Hawke-bil, and about by it to the Towne Newcaſtle.

Seven or eight leagues to the n. wards of Tinmouth,Bly. lyeth the Cock Iſland, betwixt them both about halfe wayes lyeth a River called Bly, where the French men do much ſaile to fetch Coale. From the n. point of this River runneth off a ledge of rocks a great ſhot of a caſt piece about ſ. e. into the ſea, but the ſ. ſide, and the Coaſt to the ſ. wards of it is very clean and ſand-ſtrand. Upon the ſ. point ſtand two Beakons, if you will ſail in there, bring them one in the other, and ſail right in with them, and then you can take no hurt of the foreſaid ledge or riffe of the n. poynt. When that you come by or thwart of the outermoſt of the two foreſaid Beakons, you ſhall ſee there by it another ſmaller Beakon, that ſtandeth upon a little ledge of rocks, that ſhooteth off from the ſ. point, leave that on the larboard ſide, and run in along cloſe about n. wards of it. The foreſaid ledge of rocks on the n. ſide remaineth at high water (a good wayes from the land, and alſo at a ſpring tide) above water, within it is a bight, there it is good lying for a n. or n. e. wind, and there remaineth at low water two fathome depth. In the mouth of the River it is with an ordinary tide, and high-water, about two fathome deep, or ſomewhat more, and it floweth there two fathome up and downe, ſo that at low water it falleth almoſt altogether dry.

The Cocker Iſland is a very little Iſland,Cocker Iſland and not high, it lyeth about a halfe league from the land, you may come to an ankor in it for an e. ſ. and ſ. e. wind, but the wind coming to the n. wards of the e. maketh there a bad road, for you muſt lye betwixt the Iſland and the maine land, where you have no ſhelter for a n. wind. On the ſ. ſide of the Iſland the ground is foul, and a little to the ſ. wards of the Iſland runneth off a foul ledge of rocks from the ſhore untill thwart or paſt the Iſland. He that cometh from the ſ. wards muſt keep the Coaſt of Bambrough without the Iſland, or elſe he ſhould not faile to ſaile upon the point of that foreſaid ledge.

Betwixt the ledge and the Iſland it is alſo very narrow, ſo that a man ſtanding at low water mark upon the rocks29 of this ledge, ſhould almoſt be able to caſt with a ſtone to the Iſland. For to ſail in there, take heed unto theſe marks hereafter deſcribed: There ſtandeth a houſe upon the ſeaſide, which is a Salt-kettle, and alſo a Caſtle ſomewhat further in within the land, which doth ſhew it ſelfe high enough, bring them one in the other, and then they ſhall ſtand ſomewhat more n. then w. from you, and run in ſo right with them, and ſo you ſhall run in amidſt the channell, between both, being come within, edge up behind the Iſland, and ankor there in five or ſix fathom. Staples.

About this Iſland there run alſo many more divers little Rivers into the land, but they fall moſt dry at low water.

From the the Cocket Iſland to the Staples, the Courſe is n. n. w. eight or nine leagues. The Staples, that are high Iſlands & rocks right to the e. wards of Bambrough, lying at leaſt three leagues from the land n. e. into ſea, a little to the n. wards of them, lyeth the Holy Iſland,Holy Iſland. to the ſ. wards or the w. wards of the Holy Iſland is a Bay, where you may lye landlockt almoſt for all winds, againſt the Caſtle is the beſt road: you may alſo run in there from the ſ. wards, through betwixt the Staples and the maine land.

Betwixt the Staples and the Holy Iſland, lye two ſunken rocks, which at low water come very near,Goldſtone Plough. even within the water, the weſtermoſt towards the Holy Iſland, is called the gold ſtone, the eaſtermoſt by the Staples, is called the Plough. For to avoid them when you will ſaile through betwixt the Staples and the Holy Iſland, whether you come from the ſ. wards or the n. wards, then bring the ſteeple of Touſtenbrough over the Caſtle of Bambrou, and keep them ſo ſtanding, & then you ſhall run through betwixt them both, this channel lyeth ſo through n. e. and ſ. w. From the outermoſt end of the Staples to S. Abbens head, the Courſe is n. w. ſeven or eight leagues.

From Holy Iſland to S. Abbens head it is n. n. w. ſeven or eight leagues. S. Abbens head.

To the n. wards of S. Abbens head men do run in30 unto Lieth and to Edenbrough in Scotland.

S. Abbens head, and the Iſland Bas lye e. and w. four leagues aſunder. The Iſland May and S. Abbens head, n. w. and ſ. e. four great leagues. May and Bas lye one from the other, ſ. w. and by w. and n. e. and by e. three leagues and a halfe. The Bas.The Bas is a high round Rock, clean round about, which you may ſaile along by on both ſides. Betwixt the Rock and the ſ. ſhore it is ten and twelve fathom deep, but the common faire way is along to the n. wards of it. Between S. Abbens head and the Bas, it is moſt part a clean Coaſt, but without ankor ground. The Iſland May is greater then the Bas, and alſo very cleane round about,Iſland May. except on the e. ſide, there it is foule.

From S. Abbens head along to the n. w. of the Bas, the courſe is w. and by Nore, and w. n. w. four leagues, and from n. by the Bas to Inchkieth w. and w. and by n. about five leagues. Inchkieth.Between the Bas and Inchkieth by the ſ. ſhore lye many rocks, little Iſlands, and foul grounds, where at divers places is road, but not to be uſed, but by them which are there very well acquainted. Inchkieth and the Iſland May lye ſ. w. and by w. and n. e. and by e. ſeven great leagues aſunder. Inchkieth is ſomewhat a long ſmal Iſland, a league to the n. wards of it lyeth an out-point on the n. Coaſt called Kingorneſſe,Kingorneſſe. before it and about it lye ſome little Rocks under water, but a little to the e. wards of the point is good ankor ground, and road for weſterly winds. Between that point and the Iſland May, or the point of Fifines on the n. ſhore lye divers little havens, whereof ſome of them doe alſo yield out Coals, but are little or nothing uſed by the Hollanders. On both ſides of the Inchkieth is good ground, and good lying, as well for w. or e. winds.

From Inchkieth to Lieth it is ſ. e. a league. Lieth.Before Lieth about half an Engliſh mile from the ſhore lyeth a Rock, upon which ſtandeth a Maſt (with a croſſe or ſome other thing of wood upon the top of it) for a Beakon. At high water the ſea floweth over it, and at low water it falleth dry. With a ſpring tide at low water men may go31 on foot to it. From the e. ſide of that Rock lyeth off a Riffe almoſt unto Inchkieth. You may alſo run through to the ſ. wards of Inchkieth, betwixt that foreſaid riffe on the ſ. ſhore, but it is not to be done but by them which are there exceeding well acquainted, there it is altogether full of rocks and foule ground. When as you ſaile in to the n. wards of the Inchkieth you muſt leave the foreſaid Maſt on the larboard ſide, and run about to the n. wards of it, and then towards the ſ. ſhore, and ankor about halfe an Engliſh mile by w. Lieth, and alſo halfe an Engliſh mile from the ſhoare, in ſix, ſeven, or eight fathome. Lieth is the Haven of Edenburgh, a tyde Haven which falleth dry at low water.

From Lieth to Queens Ferry there lye on both ſides many Rocks, ſome above and ſome under water. Queens FerryIn the Narrow before Queens Ferry lyeth a little Iſland called Inchgrave, which you muſt run along to the n. wards of, on the ſ. ſide it is with a ſtone bank (where men may goe over at low water) faſt to the maine land: along to the n. wards of it is clean and deep. Within that little Iſland lye Caryn and other places more where men doe lade Coales.

Under the e. ſide of the point to the n. wards of Queens Ferry, is good road in two, three, or four fathom, according as you lye far from the ſhore.

A league n. from the Iſland May lyeth the point of Fifsnes,Fifsnes. lying from S. Abbens head n. w. and by n. five great leagues, from thence to Dondee it is n. n. w. five leagues. Dondee is a good Haven,Dondee. which goeth in betwixt two high lands, being within men doe ankor before the Towne. Farther in upon the River, lyeth another Town called S. Johns, which you may goe up to at high-water. S. Johns.

Between the point of Fifsnes and Dondee lyeth alſo the Baye of S. Andrewes, there is alſo good ankor ground. S. Andrewes.Four great leagues n. and by e. from the point of Fifsnes, and n. e. from S. Andrewes,Inchkap. lyeth a great Rock called the Inchkap, which the ſea floweth over at high water, and at low water it falleth ſo dry that the Fiſhermen goe upon it.

Seven leagues to the n. wards of Dondee lyeth Monros,Monroſſe. a good Haven. Firſt you muſt ſaile in there amidſt the Channel, and then edge up to n. wards, and ankor before the Towne.

Betwixt Dondee and Monroſſe lyeth an out point called Redhead,Redhead. about a great league to the ſ. wards of Monroſſe. There ſtandeth a high Tower upon the Land called Albrot.

From Monroſſe to Stone-bay,Stonebaey. or De Torre, the Courſe is n. e. and by n. four leagues. This is a deep bay, and a good Haven for thoſe that are bound to the ſ. wards, where men may lye land-lockt with many ſhips.

Three leagues to the n. wards of it lyeth Aberdine;Aberdine. in this Havens mouth it is three fathom deep. The w. point is ſomewhat foule, therefore you muſt run in by thee. land, untill you come within the Haven, and ankor before the Town in four or five fathom. Up to the n. wards is a great Bay, but is ſhowld on both ſides. There goeth through a little Creek towards old Aberdine, which is an old ruinous Towne.

From Aberdine to bookneſſe the Courſe is n. n. e. 12 or 13 leagues. Booknes.Betwixt them both lieth a tide-haven. Bookneſſe is a high Hill, and lyeth upon the ſ. ſide of the point. To the n. wards of Bookneſſe lyeth a Bay as a Haven, called Spy,Spy. or Spilaers, from thence the land lyeth in w. and w. ſ. w. unto the Haven of Roſſe or Luvernes.

To the n. wards of Roſſe lyeth an out poynt called Cape Terbate, right in the bottome of the bay betwixt Catnes and Booknes, diſtant from Booknes about 19 or 20 leagues. Ceterbate.In this Bay are many Havens and Sounds, which are deep enough for to come into with great ſhips. It is from thence to Catnes 26 leagues n. e. and by n. Catnes lyeth from Booknes n. w. and n. w. and by n. 21 or 22. leagues. From Booknes unto the outermoſt Orkanes it is n. and n. and by w. two and thirty or three and thirty leagues.

The Orkneyes are one and thirty Iſlands in number, firſt Wayets or Elhoy, which lyeth next to Scotland, five33 leagues about the point. About n. n. e. off from the point of Catnes, lye two little Iſlands, Pits and Pichlantsſcare there you may run through to the w. wards betwixt Elhoy and Scotland.

To the n. wards of them lyeth an Iſland called Heynda, with another Iſland called Platta, to the n. wards of Platta lyeth Mayland or Ponoma. On the n. ſide of this great Iſland are all the Havens where the ſhips come to.

Upon the e. ſide of this great Iſland lyeth another Iſland called Kabunſa, to the n. wards of it lyeth another Iſland, at the n. e. point of the great Iſland, you may alſo run through there towards Papeweſter, and leave Sand a lye on the ſtarboard ſide.

Cloſe to Papeweſter lyeth Fara, to the ſ. wards of it is Sirza, to the e. wards of Sirza and Fara lye two Iſlands, in the midſt of all theſe Iſlands, called Eeda and Chapnoza.

Sanda lyeth to the n. wards of all theſe Iſlands, but Papa and Stronza lye to the ſ. wards of Sanda.

To the e. wards of Stronza lyeth an Iſland called Culſtella, that is the eaſtermoſt Iſland of all, the northermoſt is called Ronalze or Northernanſe.

Eleven or twelve leagues n. w. from the great Iſland lye two Rocks, the one under water, and the other above water, he that cometh from the w. wards muſt take heed of them.

Of the Depths and Showlds about theſe Plates, and in what Depths men may ſee the Land.

Thwart of Winterton and Cromer, 7 or eight leagues from land, it is eighteen and nineteen fathom deep, and there you may ſee the land. N. e. and n. e. and by n. from Cromer, lyeth a Bank, whereupon remaineth at low half flood no more water them four fathom, from thence you may ſee the land indifferent well.

N. and by e. from Blakenry lyeth a Bank whereupon remaineth at halfe flood no more water then five fathom. 34In eighteene fathome thereabouts you may ſee the land. From thence to the point of Chappel it is all ſhowld.

About n. n. w. and n. and by w. from Winterton-ſand lyeth the bank before Crommer, five leagues without the Coaſt.

To the n. wards of the Hommer of Hull you may ſee the Land in twenty five fathom.

Flambrough-head men may ſee the land in five and thirty fathom.

Scarbrough men may ſee from below in five and forty fathome.

Of the Tides, and Courſes of the Streames. about theſe foreſaid places.

Before Cromer a ſ. e. Moon maketh high water.

At Blakeney, Wels, Bornum, and Lyn, an e. & w. Moon.

Before the Hommer of Hull an c. n. e. & w. ſ. w. Moon.

From Blakeney to Flambrough-head the flood falleth ſ. e. and the ebbe n. w.

At Flambrough and Fyley, in the Peer, a w. ſ. w. Moon maketh full ſea.

At Scarbrough and Robbin-hoods bay a ſ. w. and n. c. Moon.

In the Teeſe and at Hartlepoole alſo, a ſ. w. and n. e. Moon.

Before the River of Newcaſtle, a ſ. w. and n. e. Moon maketh alſo the higheſt water.

Thwart of Flambrough-head, Scarbrough, the Teeſe, and alſo thwart of the River of Newcaſtle, the flood falleth ſ. e. and the ebbe n. w.

To the n. wards of the Teeſe, the flood falleth ſ. ſ. e. along the land, and from the Teeſe to Scarbrough ſ. e. and by e.

On the Coaſt betwixt Tinmouth and S. Abbens head, a ſ. e. and n. e. Moon maketh High-water.

At Lieth in the Haven, a ſ. w. and by w. Moon, maketh full ſea.

The flood falleth along theſe Coaſts ſ. ſ. w. and the ebbe n. n. w.

At Orknes and Booknes a ſ. w. and n. e. Moon maketh high-water.

The floods come about from behind Scotland, from the w. wards through betwixt Fairhill and Orknes, and make there about full ſea with a ſ. w. and n. e. Moon.

From Bookneſſe the flood falleth ſ. along the Coaſt towards Lieth, and the ebbe n. to the contrary.

In this fareway it is deep forty, fifty, and ſixty fathom, in forty five and fifty fathom you may ſee the Land. In this fareway in the ſummer the firſt Herrings are caught.

How theſe Lands doe lye one from the other, and from other Lands.

From Cromer to Blackney, w. n. w. 3 or 4 l.
From Blackney to Bornum through within the ſand weſt 7 l.
From Boruum to Chappel w. ſ. w. 2 l.
From Chappel to Elleknock, or the n. point of Boſtondeep, the Courſe is n. w. and by n. 5 l.
From thence to the n. point of Cromer, n. and n. and by weſt 7 l.
From the n. point of Hommer to Flambrough head n. n. w. 9 l.
From the point of Crommer or Shield to the Teſſel e. 40 or 42 l.
From the n. point of the Crommer to the Teſſel e. and by ſ. and e. ſ. e. 60 l.
From Flambrough-head to Fyley, n. w. 3 l.
From Fyley to Scarbrough n. w. 2 l.
From Scarbrough to Whidbie, n. w. and by w. 5 l.
From Whidbie to the Teeſe, the Courſe is firſt w. n. w. and afterwards w. and by n. 7 l.
From the Teeſe to Tinmouth n. n. w. 8 or 9 l.
From Whidbie to Tinmonth, is n. w. and ſ. e. 16 l.
From to Cocker Iſland n. n. w. 8 or 9 l.
36
From Tinmouth to Staples n. and by w. 16. l.
From Staples to Barwick w. n. w. 3 l.
From Barwick to S. Abbens head n. n. w. 5 l.
From the Staples to S. Abbens head n. w. 8 or 9 l.
From S. Abbens head to the Bas, w. 4 l.
From the Bas to Inchkieth w. and w. and by n. 5 l.
From S. Abbens head to the Iſland May, n. w. 4 l.
From S. Abbens head to Fifines, n. w. and by n. 5 l.
From Fiftines to Dondee, n. n. w. 5 l.
From Tinmouth to Scuytenes n. e. 104 l.
From Tinmouth to the Naze n. e. and by e. eaſterly, 130 l.
From Tinmouth to the Scawe, e. n. e. 136 l.
From Tinmouth to Holy land, e. and by ſ. eaſterly 106 l.
From Fifines to Stone-bay, n. and by e. 16 l.
From Redhead to Monros n. w. 4 l.
From Monros to Stone-bay, n. e. and by n. 4 l.
From Stone-bay to Booknes n. n. e. ſomwhat n. 16 l.
From Aberdine to Booknes, n. n. e. 12 l.
From Booknes to Phyloort, or Spyloort, n. n. w. 3 l.
From Phyloort to the poynt of Elgyn, weſt 10 l.
From the poynt of Elgyn to the Haven of Roſſe, or Luverneſſe, w. and by ſ. ſomewhat ſoutherely 7 l.
From Cape de Terbate to Catnes, n. e. and by n. 16 l.
From Booknes to Elhoy, w. n. w. 5 l.
From Booknes to Catnes, n. w. and n. w. and by n. 21 l.
From Booknes to the Orkanes, n. and by w. 26 l.
From Booknes to Hanglip, or the ſ. end of Hitland, n. and by e. 53 l.
From Booknes or Scuytenes e. and by n. 69 l.
From Booknes to the Naze, e. ſomewhat ſ. 88 or 90 l.
From Booknes to Bovenbergen in Jutland, e. & by ſ. 104 l.
From Booknes to Holy land, ſ. e. & by e. eaſterly, 123 l.
From Booknes to the Teſſel, ſ. e. ſoutherly 125 l.
From Booknes to the Holmes before Yarmouth, ſ. ſ. e. ſomewhat eaſterly 96 l.
From Aberdine to the Holmes before Yarmouth, ſoutheaſt and by ſouth 93 l.

Heights.

Yarmouth lyeth in 52 degrees, 52 minutes.
The n. point of the Hommer of Hull in 53 d. 20 m.
Flambrough-head lyeth in 54 d. 5 m.
Scarbrough in 54 d. 12 m.
Tinmouth, or the River of Newcaſtle in 55 d.
S. Abbens head in Scotland in 56 d. 12 m.
Booknes lyeth in the height of 75 d. 50 m.
Catnes in 58 d. 32 m.
The greateſt or the outermoſt Iſland of the Orkneyes in 59 d. 8 m.

The Third Demonſtration.Wherein Are ſet forth the Coaſts of Fairhill, Hitland, and the Iſlands thereabout, as alſo the Iſland of Fero, and ſome Iſlands behind the Northweſt corner of Scotland.

THe Iſland Fairhill lyeth from the e. point of the Orkanes n. w. and from Booknes n. and by w. about 37 leaguer. Fairhill.

On the w. ſide of Fairhil is at ſome places foul ground, but upon the ſ. e. ſide is good ankor, there you may ankor every where.

Fulo lyeth from Fairehill n. w. and n. ten leagues,Fulo. betwixt them both lyeth the ſouthermoſt point of Hitland, lying from Fairhill n. n. e. ſeven or eight leagues, and from Fulo e. and by ſ. four leagues.

The ſ. w. Coaſt of Hitland (to wit from the ſouthermoſt poynt to the n. w. point) lyeth northweſt and by north, ſeven or eight leagues. On the ſame ſ. w. ſide over againſt the Iſland Fulo lyeth a Sand-bay, where men may ankor, but on the e. ſide of this bay it is ſomewhat38 foule. From that northweſt or weſt poynt off to the n. end, the land of Hitland lyeth north-eaſt and ſouth-weſt, ſeventeen or eighteen leagues.

Two leagues to the n. wards of the foreſaid w. point, lyeth the Haven of S. Magnus,S. Magnus. which is a broad Sound, within it is good ankor ground in ſixteen or ſeventeen fathom depth, according as you ſhall be far within the land. On the north ſide lyeth a high Rock, which you muſtrun in to the ſouthwards of. And on the ſ. ſide lyeth two or three Rocks, which you muſt leave on the ſtarboard ſide, when you ſaile in there.

Even to the eaſtwards, about the ſ. poynt of Hitland, lyeth a faire Sand-bay, where you may ankor in twelve or thirteen fathom, from thence to Hanglip the Courſe is n. e. ſomwhat weſterly nine or ten leagues.

Betwixt Hanglip and the ſouth point lyeth an Iſland,Hanglip. which you muſt ſail about on both ſides, within it lyeth Hambrough Haven, or the Scottiſh Haven, which is a lade place for the Hamburgers and Scots. There lyeth alſo a high ſteep point to the ſ. wards of Hanglip,Hambrough Haven. to the ſouthwards of it men doe run into Broad Sound, the chiefeſt Haven of all Hitland, which is deep & hath clean ground, there men doe lye handlockt for all winds.

From the Broad Sound lyeth a Sound in along to the northwards,Broad Sound. through the land, which cometh out againe into the Sound to the northwards, and ſo maketh an Iſland of the land whereupon the high hill Hanglip lyeth. When as you will ſaile in there from the northwards, that is, to the northwards of Hanglip, you muſt run in neareſt by the ſouth ſhore, and edge to it betimes. In this channell betwixt both lands lye two Iſlands or Rocks, the greateſt lyeth neareſt the north ſhoare, and the ſmalleſt neareſt the ſouth ſhoare, betwixt them both lyeth alſo a ſuncken Rock, which at low water is uncovered, and at High water you may know it by the breaking upon it. When as you will ſaile in here, you muſt leave the foreſaid greateſt Rock, with the ſuncken Rock, on the ſtarboard ſide, and the ſmalleſt Rock on the larboard ſide,39 there is upon the ſhowldeſt three fathom and a half water.

Within this Haven lye alſo two Havens at the n. point, which lye into the land, where is good lying.

When as you will ſail from this foreſaid Haven through within unto the Broad Sound, you ſhall meet ſcarce half wayes with a Rock, from which lyeth off a riffe towards the weſt ſhoare, thwart of it you muſt run cloſe along by the weſt ſhoare, for to avoid that riffe.

To the northwards of Hanglip, the land of Hitland lyeth n. n. and by e. and n. n. e. at laſt north, and at ſome places you may ſaile in through Hitland, eſpecially to the northwards of Hanglip, where a faire broad Sound lyeth northweſt through, there is good ankor ground to find at ſome places, for thoſe that are there acquainted. From Hanglip to the n. e. point of Hitland, the Courſe is n. n. e. ten leagues, there lye ſome out-rocks called the Out-ſcares. From thence along to the n. point of Hitland,Out-ſcares. the Courſe is n. about four leagues.

A little about the eaſt point goeth in a fair Haven called Bloem Sound, lying in ſouth-weſt. Bloem ſound.On the weſt ſide lyeth a long Rock, you muſt ſail in to the eaſtwards of it, and ankor a little within the Haven, it is there within all clean ſand ground, and good lying. Bloem ſound lyeth in firſt (as hath been ſaid) ſouth-ſouth-weſt afterwards, ſouth and ſouth and by eaſt, on both ſides is good ankor ground, there you may ſail altogether through, and come out againe through Jelleſound into ſea, about the Iſland Fero.

The greateſt and chiefeſt Iſlands of Fero,Names of the Iſlands of Fero. are 12 in number: as Suydro, Satrdo, Moggenes, Wage, Stromo, Oſtro, Calſo, Cuno, Bordo, Wydro, Sreyno, and Fulo.

The little Iſlands of Fero are ten, as Little Dymen, Stoer Dymen, Schuyvo, Dalifles Heſden, Trallo, Colſter, Moggeſholme, the Monk, and the Biſhop. Beſides theſe are yet ſome Rocks, and little Iſlands, to ſeven or eight in number.

The ſouthermoſt great Iſland, called Suydro,Suydro, lieth moſt ſouth-raſt, and north-weſt, about ſeven or eight leagues. 40At the ſ. e. end of this Iſland lieth a high Rock, called the Monk,Monk Somby. or Sombie, after the name of the firſt or ſouth-ermoſt Haven in Suydro. Betwixt the Monk and the ſ. e. end of the Iſland Suydro, is a Race or Well, which men muſt avoid, eſpecially with ſpring tides.

Upon the weſt ſide of the Iſland Suydro, are no Havens for to ſave any ſhips in, but it is altogether high ſteep land. On the north ſide are may Havens, where men may ſaile into and ſave ſhips, as Sommerſound or Heſt, Hofwyke, Urobie, Quaelbie or Rane, all broad ſounds of Havens, a Countrey-man or Pilot can bring you in there every where to your deſire.

From the northweſt end Suydro to Moggeneſholme,Moggeneſholme. the weſtermoſt and outermoſt Iſland of Fero, the Courſe is north-weſt, and by north, and north-north-weſt, about eight or nine leagues.

At the eaſt end of Moggeneſholme lieth Moggenes, to the eaſtwards of it lyeth the Iſland Wage,Moggenes. Wage. and to the eaſtwards of Wage goeth in a faire ſound from the ſouthwards off from the Iſland Sando, about Heſten, and the Iſland Colſter, for you may run in about theſe Iſlands on both ſides, and leave the great Iſland Stromo on the eaſt ſide, and ſo come into Wage. In the middeſt of the Sound of Wage, goeth up a haven to the eaſtwards into the great Iſland Stromo, therein you may ankor in ten or twelve fathom, but the Sound is at leaſt twenty fathom deep.

Moggenes and the north-eaſt end of Fero, lye eaſt-north-eaſt, or a little more northerly, and weſt-ſouth-weſt, about fiften leagues aſunder. Betwixt them both lye ten Iſlands, and betwixt each Iſland, is a faire broad and deep ſound, whereof the fourth off from Moggenes is called Somſound. All theſe Sounds lye moſt north-north-weſt and ſouth-ſouth-eaſt through the land, and upon all theſe Iſlands ſtand Churches,Somſound. except upon Oſtra, which nevertheleſſe is a great Iſland.

From the ſouth-eaſt end of Suydro to Scalhead, or the ſouth-eaſt end of the Iſland Sando, the Courſe is north and by weſt about five leagues. Betwixt Suydro and Sando41 lye the little Iſlands, Little Dymen, Stoer Dymen,Little Dymen Stoer Dymen. Schavo, and Dalsfles.

From Scalhead untill within the Iſland Mulſo (lying before Stromo) the Courſe is n. and by w. four leagues, there you may every where ankor, where you will, in twenty, thirty, or forty fathom. Stromo.If any man coming in out of the ſea, deſireth to ſee a good road or haven, under the Iſlands of Fero, he ſhall keep that middlemoſt great Iſland Stromo n. w. and n. w. and by w. from him, and then he ſhall ſee upon the middeſt of the Iſland Stromo, a high ſteep hill called Schelling,Schelling. which he muſt ſaile right in with, and ſo he ſhall meet with that foreſaid Iſland Mulſo, a low Iſland, which you may ſaile about on both ſides, but it is beſt for to run in there at the ſ. ſouth end, under the Iſland is all over good ankor ground. Right over againſt this Iſland, on the great Iſland,Torſhaven. lyeth Torſhaven, the chiefeſt Haven of Fero, where all the trade of Merchandize is.

From Torſhaven or the Iſland Mulſo, to the north-eaſt end of Fero, the Courſe is north-eaſt, and north-eaſt and by eaſt, about twelve or thirteen leagues, betwixt them both lye ſeven Iſlands, and betwixt each Iſland, as hath been ſaid, goeth a broad ſound through the land, lying through about north-weſt, north-weſt and by north, and north-north-weſt. The north end of Fero is about four leagues broad, and lyeth north-weſt, and ſouth-eaſt,Fulo. and is called Fulo, thwart of it lyeth the Biſhop.

He that deſireth to ſail off from Mulſo into Somſound, let him go on north-weſt and by north, three leagues, unto the point of Bordenes,The Biſhop. up north-weſt off from Bordenes, and then he ſhall eſpie a Church upon the Iſland Calſo, which he muſt leave on ſtarboard ſide, and go in along weſt-north-weſt untill he come into the bight of the Iſland Oſtro, and ankor there in ſeventeen or eighteen fathom.

Theſe Iſland of Fero lye in a triangle, it is from the ſ. e. end of Suydro to Fulo, or the n. end of Fero n. n. e. and ſ. ſ. w. twenty one leagues aſunder.

From Scotland weſtwards, and to the northwards of Ireland, lye many Iſlands, whereof we ſhall here deſcribe ſome with ſo much perfectneſſe as thereof is yet known.

The names of the principall Iſlands lying there, are theſe:Names of the Iſlands. Areu, Ila, Jona, Mulla, Bragedall, Hun, Lewis, St. Patricius, St. Maria, St. Golane, St. Petous, Epth, and St. Kilda, theſe are the greateſt; there are yet ſome ſmall Iſlands, as Rona, Chent, Trauta, Fladde, Grand Melul, Petit Melul, Stalpan, Cannay, Rum, Egghe, Mule, Cutte, Crandenbrough, Gronſay, St. Karbo, Liſmont, Swynoy, Machare, Gegay, Caray, and Navarſay. All theſe Iſlands doe lye and belong under Scotland, and are thoſe which by the Coſmographers are called Inſulae Hebrides.

The Iſland Barre or Rona is the northermoſt Iſland lying behind Scotland,Barre, or Rona. and lyeth from Fulo about w. ſ. w. thirty ſeven, or thirty eight leagues, it lyeth by two other little Iſlands about a great league one from the other.

The Iſlands of Lewis lye from Rona ſouth-weſt diſtant ſixteen or ſeventeen leagues, and from the north end of Lewis to S. Kilda, it is ſ. w. and w. ſixteen leagues.

On the eaſt ſide of S. Kilda is a good road for a w. and n. w. wind. This Iſland lyeth by the other little Iſlands, whereof the two are not very great, upon that which lyeth to the weſtwards you may ſee ſome houſes ſtand, and theſe two little Iſlands lye ten leagues to the weſtwards of the great Iſland of Lewis. Upon the coaſt of Lewis lye alſo two rowes of great Rocks, like as if they were little Iſlands lying one from the other ſouth and north, ſomewhat eaſterly, about ſeven or eight leagues.

The ſouthermoſt lye by three little Iſlands, but the northermoſt lye by eight ſmall little Iſlands or Rocks.

The Iſland of Lewis is divided into many parts, the which men may ſail through at many and divers places. Lewis with the Iſland belonging to it, lye ſ. ſ. w. and ſ. and by w. about twenty nine leagues.

But on the eaſt ſide goeth a broad ſound through of five or ſix leagues. Men ſail in cloſe by the Iſland of Lewis, about ſ. ſ. w. until paſt the Iſland Cheut.

From thence the Sound lyeth through betwixt the great Iſland Bragadul and Lewis, ſ. and ſ. and by w. towards the weſt end of Lewis, called the Ephts, then you muſt leave Mulla and Ila, with many other Iſlands on the larboard ſide.

Jona, Ila, Mulla, and Bragadul, are four of the greateſt Iſlands which are lying on the weſt coaſt of Scotland, and lye cloſe by the main land, but there are many Havens and Sounds, ſo that there you may ſaile in and about them every where.

At the n. w. point of Ireland lye alſo ſome Havens, which you may ſaile through and round about them all.

Betwixt Rona and Orkney lye alſo ſome Iſlands, w^ch alſo you may ſaile through betwixt, and round about.

He that falleth with theſe Iſlands, muſt be very carefull and circumſpect, for the moſt part of them are inhabited by wild and ſavage people.

In Lewis and the Iſlands thereabouts, a ſ. w. and n. e. Moon maketh the higheſt water: and likewiſe alſo without the n. poynt of Scotland.

Of the Tides, and Courſes of the Streames.

In Hitland within the Havens and Sounds, a ſ. ſ. w. & n. n. e. Moon maketh full ſea. The flood runneth there to the eaſtwards, and the ebbe to the weſtwards, eſpecially at the ſ. end and n. end of Hitland, and ſo fall thwart through the ſounds and havens.

In the Iſlands of Fero a n. and ſ. Moon maketh the higheſt water.

Under the Iſlands of Fero goe very hard tides, with great turnings, the flood commeth there out of the weſt, and w. n. w. and the ebbe out of the e. and e. ſ. e. and fall ſo along through the Iſlands, there you muſt reckon your tides thereafter: When you will ſaile from the one Iſland to the other, there are two Wels, or Mealſtreames, the36 one at the ſ. end of Suydro, and the other a league within Scalhead, at Quaelnes.

Although the tides doe run ſo ſtrong through theſe Iſlands, yet nevertheleſſe it floweth not there four foot up and downe.

How theſe Lands doo lye one from the other, and from other Lands.

From Fairhill to the north-eaſt poynt of Orkneyes, ſouth-weſt 9 or 10 leagues.
From Fairhill to the ſouth-end of Hitland, ſouth-ſouth. weſt, and ſouth and by weſt 7 or 8 l.
From the north end of Hitland, to the Rocks of Rocol, weſt-ſouth-weſt 127 or 128 l.
From the ſouth end of Hitland to Fero, weſt-north-weſt, and north-weſt and by weſt 61 l.
From the north end of Hitland, to the ſ. end of Fero, w. and weſt and by north 58 l.
From Hitland to the eaſt point of Iſland, the Courſe is n. w. and by w. about 130 l.
From the north end of Hitland to Gryp north-eaſt and by eaſt 125 l.
From Hitland to Stadt eaſt-north-weſt 67 l.
From Fero to Rona the courſe is ſ. and by e. 45 or 46 l.
From the ſ. end of Fero to

As to the Shares in Prizes.

As to ſick and wounded men.

A DESCRIPTION and PLAT of the Sea-Coaſts of England, from Lon­don, all the River of Thames, all along the Coaſt to New Caſtle, and ſo to Edenburgh, all along Scotland, the Orcades, and Hitland, where the DƲTCH be­gin their Fiſhing.

The Firſt Demonſtration.In which The Eaſt-ſide of England, and Schotland, is ſhewed, from the River of London, to the New-Caſtle.

Of the Depths and Showlds about theſe Plates, and in what Depths men may ſee the Land.

What Moon maketh High-water at theſe places.

Of the Tides, and Courſes of the Streames.

Courſes and Diſtances.

Of the Heights of theſe Lands.

The Second Demonſtration.In which The Coaſts of England are ſet forth, between Cromer and Orkney.

Of the Depths and Showlds about theſe Plates, and in what Depths men may ſee the Land.

Of the Tides, and Courſes of the Streames. about theſe foreſaid places.

How theſe Lands doe lye one from the other, and from other Lands.

Heights.

The Third Demonſtration.Wherein Are ſet forth the Coaſts of Fairhill, Hitland, and the Iſlands thereabout, as alſo the Iſland of Fero, and ſome Iſlands behind the North­weſt corner of Scotland.

Of the Tides, and Courſes of the Streames.

How theſe Lands doo lye one from the other, and from other Lands.

A DESCRIPTION and PLAT of the Sea-Coaſts of England, from London, all the River of Thames, all along the Coaſt to New Caſtle, and ſo to Edenburgh, all along Scotland, the Orcades, and Hitland, where the DƲTCH begin their Fiſhing.

The Third Demonſtration.Wherein Are ſet forth the Coaſts of Fairhill, Hitland, and the Iſlands thereabout, as alſo the Iſland of Fero, and ſome Iſlands behind the Northweſt corner of Scotland.